Even today, medical experts sometimes compare being in love to a clinical condition. They are part of a long tradition: lovesickness was described and diagnosed by a range of authors in the ancient and premodern period, encompassing Ovid and Galen, Ibn al-Jazzar and Constantine the African. Yet, in Counter-Reformation Italy, medical love treatises were controversial. As a sickness affecting both body and soul and impacting free will, lovesickness came to be seen by clerical censors as a subject matter that fell primarily under the control of the Church, prompting debates over the boundaries between medicine and theology. My project investigates medical writing on lovesickness produced in the Italian peninsula after the Council of Trent to: (1) identify the strategies adopted by physicians to negotiate their prerogatives; (2) compare the Italian case with that of other European contexts; and (3) make sense of the disappearance of original treatises on lovesickness in the Italian peninsula in the mid-seventeenth century.